| Data Modelling | Conceptual Logical Physical Modelling | Expert | Erwin ERStudio PowerDesigner SAP PowerDesigner Lucidchart |
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| ER & Dimensional Modelling |
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| Data Vault |
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| SQL & Querying | Advanced SQL Optimisation Performance Tuning | Expert | SQL Workbench Toad DBeaver |
| Database Design | Normalisation/Denormalization | Expert | Oracle SQL Server PostgreSQL MySQL |
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| Cardinalities & Constraints Partition strategy |
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| Data Warehousing | ETL/ELT Processes | Expert | Informatica Talend Azure Data Factory Snowflake Databricks |
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| Data Integration SCD Different type of Schema |
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| Business data analysis | Data profiling Business data analysis Data products | Advanced |
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| Business domain/knowledge |
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| Cloud & Big Data | Cloud Data Platforms | Advanced | AWS Redshift Azure Synapse GCP BigQuery Hadoop Spark |
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| Distributed Data Modelling |
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| Data Governance | Metadata Management | Advanced | Collibra Alation Informatica Data Quality |
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| Data Quality & Compliance Data lineage |
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| Programming | Python for Data Wrangling | Intermediate | Python (Pandas NumPy) Shell Scripts |
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| Scripting for Automation |
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| BI & Visualisation | Reporting & Dashboards | Intermediate | Power BI Tableau |
| Version Control | Model Versioning & Deployment | Intermediate | Git GitHub CI/CD Pipelines |
| Emerging Trends | Data Mesh Data Fabric AI-driven Modelling | Awareness | Databricks AI Modelling Tools |