SAP Financial Accounting & Controlling
SAP Financial Accounting (FI) Purpose: The FI module is designed to record process and report financial transactions. It ensures compliance with external reporting requirements (legal tax etc.).
Key Features: -
General Ledger Accounting (G/L): Records all company transactions.
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Accounts Payable (AP): Manages vendor transactions and payments.
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Accounts Receivable (AR): Manages customer transactions and receipts.
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Asset Accounting (AA): Tracks company assets depreciation and valuation.
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Bank Accounting: Manages bank transactions and reconciliations.
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Special Purpose Ledger: Custom ledgers for flexible reporting.
Objectives: - Accurate financial statements (Balance Sheet Profit & Loss)
- Integration with other modules (MM SD etc.)
- Compliance with accounting standards (e.g. IFRS GAAP)
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SAP Controlling (CO) Purpose: The CO module supports internal reporting and decision-making by tracking and managing costs and performance.
Key Features: -
Cost Element Accounting: Captures expense and revenue information.
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Cost Center Accounting: Monitors costs by departments or locations.
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Internal Orders: Tracks costs for specific projects or jobs.
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Profit Center Accounting: Analyzes profit by business units.
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Product Costing: Calculates costs for manufacturing products.
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Profitability Analysis (CO-PA): Analyzes profitability by products customers markets etc.
Objectives: - Budgeting and cost control
- Profitability and performance analysis
- Allocation and settlement of costs
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Integration between FI and CO -
Transactional Flow: Many transactions (e.g. invoice postings goods movements) update both FI and CO simultaneously.
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Master Data Sharing: Organizational structures (like company codes cost centers) are often shared.
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Real-Time Updates: Costs and revenues posted in FI are immediately available for analysis in CO.
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Sample Business Process Flow 1.
Purchase Order Creation (MM) 2.
Goods Receipt (MM) FI document posted 3.
Invoice Receipt (MM/FI) AP updated expense posted to cost center (CO) 4.
Payment to Vendor (FI) 5.
Month-end Close (FI/CO) Allocations settlements financial reporting ---